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Summary and Reflection

最近,旧金山和缅因州跟他们的政府介绍了一个新的法案。这个法案必须让手机制造场在盒子上贴一个商标说手机能够起因脑癌。他们说用手机的人越来越多了,人们应该知道他们买的手机会有什么身体坏处。UC Berkely 的 Joel Moskowitz 说旧金山和缅因州做得事对的;这个电磁辐射真的会增加脑癌的风险。 而CTIA-The Wireless Association,还在说手机对人没有很大的危险。


我觉得这个法案是一个好事情。让买电话的人知道他们买的手机能对他们有什么坏处是一个好事情因为他们会动在通话中,要多注意他们把电话放在身体旁边那里。有了这个信息,他们会知道要注意把他们身体受到的电磁服饰给减少一点。

Recently, San Francisco and Maine introduced a new bill to their respective governments. This bill proposes requiring all phones sold be labeled with a sticker stating that they have the potential to cause brain cancer. Proponents argue that as cellphone use becomes more and more widespread, people should know about possible consequences using a cellphone may entail.UC Berkely's Joel Moskowitz said that San Francisco and Maine have done something right; the electromagnetic radiation emmitted can increase the risk of brain cancer. But CTIA, the Wireless Association, continues to state that electromagnetic radiation does not pose a great danger to cellphone users.

I think this bill is a good thing.Letting people know that the phone that they buy can have negative consequences on them is a good thing because they will be aware on where they are placing the phone on their body during a conversation.With this information, the public will know to be careful about the electromagnetic radiation he/she is receiving from cellphones and will try to limit its exposure.

旧金山、缅因州拟在手机上加贴致癌警告

无线通讯产业界和医学界一直对人们使用手机是否会对身体健康产生不利影响进行研究和论证,但到目前为止,双方都还没有拿出令人绝对信服的科学依据来证明到 底使用手机是否对身体有害。不过,旧金山市和缅因州决定先行一步,打算立法要求在这两个地方出售的手机像香烟一样,在包装盒上打上使用手机可能会导致癌症 的警告标语。


随着手机越来越普及,人们不仅用手机打电话和发短信,更多的人开始使用iPhone和黑莓这类智能手机上网、收发电子邮件和进行其它更复杂的操作。据美国CITA-无线通讯协会统计,美国去年的手机用户已经达到2亿7千多万。

但与此同时,很多人担心手机在通话时产生的辐射会对人的大脑产生影响,长期使用可能会导致脑瘤甚至脑癌。由于手机是上世纪90年代才开始普及,目前还没有 任何一项研究能够确凿地表明用手机打电话会导致脑癌。尽管如此,旧金山市和缅因州却希望尽早采取行动:旧金山市市长纽森和缅因州州议员博兰都致力于推动立 法,让在这两个地方出售的手机可以贴上类似“使用手机可能会导致脑癌”的警语。

博兰州议员表示,她的提议已经被列入缅因州议会2010年的讨论议程。在她的提案中,手机制造商将必须在手机和包装盒上附加电磁辐射可能会引起脑癌的标 签,并建议使用者把手机放在尽量远离身体的地方。旧金山市市长纽森的建议还要求手机制造商在包装上明确注明手机辐射强度和人体对手机电磁波辐射吸收率 (SAR)。




*专家赞同手机加警示语提议*

加州大学伯克利分校公共卫生学院家庭与社区健康中心主任乔尔.莫斯科维茨完全赞同博兰州议员和纽森市长的提议。他说:“我认为他们这么做是对的。根据我们 的研究,长期使用手机不仅会增加导致脑癌的风险,还会提高患脑肿瘤和其它肿瘤的危险。因此我认为,世界各地的公众都需要了解到这一点,并采取预防措施。”

莫斯科维茨认为,无线通讯业对使用手机的危害和如何采取预防措施应该有更多的了解,但却一直含糊其辞。他说,“世界上大约30亿手机用户。这些用户一直被 蒙在鼓里。手机业及其代言人一直在说,我们没有任何证据。他们让消费者去政府网站上查询。政府网站上倒没这么说,他们说的是证据不够确凿。但这和说完全没 有证据的意义是不一样的。我们的研究显示,有很多证据说明手机是有危害的,特别是对长期使用手机的人。”


*专家:手机辐射对人体构成危害*

匹兹堡大学癌症研究学院荣誉院长罗纳德.赫伯曼教授也支持有关在手机包装上附加警告提示的提议。他表示,联邦政府也应及早采取类似行动。赫伯曼教授早在 2007年就曾向匹兹堡大学3000多名教职员工发信,警告使用手机的危害。他说:“各国有越来越多的研究表明,频繁使用手机10年以上会导致患脑肿瘤, 包括有严重生命危险的恶性胶质瘤风险的上升。”

赫伯曼教授特别指出,手机对儿童和青少年的危害更为严重,“有非常清楚的研究显示,与成年人相比,手机产生的电磁波可以侵入儿童大脑更深的位置。”



*手机使用时应远离身体*

不过加州大学伯克利分校的莫斯科维茨表示,人们采取很简单的方法就能有效减少手机对身体的辐射。他说:“有很简单的方法就可以减少手机辐射的危险。比如在 打手机的时候使用有绳耳机,或者打开手机的扬声器,或者只用手机收发短信。你还需要注意的是把手机放在哪儿,即便是你没拿手机打电话的时候,手机也会不时 与附近的手机信号发射塔联络而产生电磁波。所以不应该把手机放在紧贴身体的地方,特别是身体的敏感部位,比如性器官。”

莫斯科维茨说,最好的办法就是把手机关掉,只是偶尔查看短信。而且,如果使用方法不当,目前市面上流行的蓝牙耳机也不一定能够有效减少人体受到的辐射。这是因为蓝牙设备本身产生的辐射大约是手机辐射的10%左右。

*手机业界无动于衷*

面对越来越多的研究指向手机辐射会严重危害健康的警告,无线通讯业似乎依然不为所动。位于首都华盛顿的CTIA-无线通讯行业协会负责公共事务的副主席约 翰.沃尔斯在给美国之音的一份声明中表示,“......CITA和无线通讯业一贯以科学和中立的医学组织为向导。经过同行评审的科学证据压倒性地显示, 无线通讯设备不构成公共健康危害。”

关键词:手机,辐射,健康,警告,旧金山,缅因州

San Francisco and Maine implement a requirement that new cellphones be sold with a cancer warning

Wireless communications industry and the medical profession has been whether the right people to use mobile phones will have a negative impact on health research and demonstration, but so far, the two sides have not yet come up with is absolutely convincing scientific evidence to prove that in the end whether the use of mobile phones harmful. However, the San Francisco City and Maine decided to take the lead, intended to legislative requirements in these two places from selling mobile phones, like cigarettes, like on the box marked with the use of mobile phones may cause cancer warning signs.

As mobile phones become increasingly popular, not only to phone calls and send text messages using mobile phones, more people start using iPhone and Blackberry smart phones such the Internet, send and receive e-mail and perform other more complex operations. According to the U.S. CITA-Wireless Telecommunications Association statistics, the United States last year's 200 million mobile phone users has reached more than 10 million 7.

At the same time, many people worry that the phone calls generated when the radiation will impact on the human brain, long-term use may cause brain tumors or brain cancer. Because cell phones are 90 years of the last century began to spread, there are not any conclusive studies can be an indication that cell phones cause brain cancer called. Nevertheless, San Francisco City and Maine still want to take early action to: San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom and the Maine state legislators Boland are committed to promoting legislation, so that in these two places from selling mobile phones may be affixed such as "the use of mobile phones may cause brain cancer "and warnings.

Boland state senator said that her proposal had been included in the Maine Council agenda in 2010. In her proposal, handset manufacturers will have to be on the box in the handsets and additional electromagnetic radiation may cause brain cancer, labels, and recommended that users on a mobile phone as far as possible away from the body areas. San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom's proposal also called for mobile phone manufacturers in the packaging clearly marked cell phone radiation and human right cell phone electromagnetic radiation absorption rate (SAR).



* Added warnings of experts endorsed the cell phone proposal *

University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health, director of Family and Community Health Center, Joel. Moskowitz fully endorses the Boland state legislators and Mayor Newsom's proposal. He said: "I think they are doing is right. According to our study, long-term use of mobile phones cause brain cancer will not only increase the risk, but also enhance the risk of brain tumors and other cancer risk. So I think the public around the world need to understand this point, and to take preventive measures. "

Moskowitz believes that the wireless communications industry on the use of mobile phones harm and how to take preventive measures should be more understanding, but it has always been vague. He said, "The world's approximately three billion mobile phone users. These users had been kept in the dark. Handset industry and its spokesmen have been saying that we do not have any evidence. They allow consumers to look up to the government website. Daomo government website so that they say is not conclusive. But this is absolutely no evidence that the meaning is not the same. Our research shows that there is a lot of evidence that mobile phones are harmful, especially for long-term use of mobile phones people. "

* Expert: mobile phone radiation hazardous to humans *

The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, President Emeritus, Ronald. Habermann Professor of also supports the additional warning on the packaging the phone prompts proposal. He said that the federal government should also take similar action as soon as possible. Habermann Professor as early as 2007 on the University of Pittsburgh has more than 3,000 faculty members sent a letter warning against the use of mobile phones. He said: "States have a growing number of studies have shown that frequent use of mobile phones for more than 10 years will lead to suffering from brain tumors, including those with severe life-threatening increase in the risk of malignant glioma."

Habermann Professor specifically pointed out that mobile phones harm to children and adolescents is more serious, "there are very clear studies have shown that compared with adults, cell phones generated electromagnetic waves can invade the brain of children a deeper place."


* Use of mobile phones when away from the body *

However, the University of California, Berkeley, Moskowitz said that the people to take a very simple method can be effective in reducing cell phone radiation on the body. He said: "There is a very simple method can reduce the risk of mobile phone radiation. For example, in a cell phone headset when the use of rope, or open the phone's speakers, or just send and receive mobile phone text messages. You also need to note that put a mobile phone where, even if you do not take phone calls when the phone from time to time with the nearby cell phone towers to contact the signal resulting from electromagnetic waves. it should not be placed on a mobile phone close to where the body, especially in sensitive parts of the body, such as sexual organs. "

Moskowitz said that the best way is to switch off mobile phones, only occasionally see messages. Moreover, if the incorrect use, the current popular Bluetooth headsets on the market will not necessarily be effective in reducing the human body by radiation. This is because the radiation generated by the Bluetooth device itself is about 10% of mobile phone radiation.

* Cell phone industry's indifference *

Faced with a growing body of research points to mobile phone radiation that would seriously endanger the health warnings, the wireless communications industry seems to remain unmoved. Is located in Washington, CTIA-The Wireless Communications Industry Association Vice-President for Public Affairs, John. Voles in to the Voice of America said in a statement ,"...... CITA and wireless communications industry has always been a scientific and neutral medical organizations guide. through the peer-reviewed scientific evidence overwhelmingly shows that the wireless communications equipment does not constitute a public health hazard. "

Keywords: mobile phone, radiation, health, warning, San Francisco, Maine